Connect with us

Businessuite News24 International

World Bank Launches First-Ever Pandemic Bonds to Support $500 Million Pandemic Emergency Financing Facility

Published

on

The World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) today launched specialized bonds aimed at providing financial support to the Pandemic Emergency Financing Facility (PEF), a facility created by the World Bank to channel surge funding to developing countries facing the risk of a pandemic.

This marks the first time that World Bank bonds are being used to finance efforts against infectious diseases, and the first time that pandemic risk in low-income countries is being transferred to the financial markets.

The PEF will provide more than $500 million to cover developing countries against the risk of pandemic outbreaks over the next five years, through a combination of bonds and derivatives priced today, a cash window, and future commitments from donor countries for additional coverage.

The transaction, that enables PEF to potentially save millions of lives, was oversubscribed by 200% reflecting an overwhelmingly positive reception from investors and a high level of confidence in the new World Bank sponsored instrument. With such strong demand, the World Bank was able to price the transaction well below the original guidance from the market. The total amount of risk transferred to the market through the bonds and derivatives is $425 million.

“With this new facility, we have taken a momentous step that has the potential to save millions of lives and entire economies from one of the greatest systemic threats we face,” World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim said. “We are moving away from the cycle of panic and neglect that has characterized so much of our approach to pandemics. We are leveraging our capital market expertise, our deep understanding of the health sector, our experience overcoming development challenges, and our strong relationships with donors and the insurance industry to serve the world’s poorest people. This creates an entirely new market for pandemic risk insurance. Drawing on lessons from the Ebola Outbreak in West Africa, the Facility will help improve health security for everyone. I especially want to thank the World Health Organization and the governments of Japan and Germany for their support in launching this new mechanism.”

The World Bank announced the creation of the PEF in May 2016 at the G7 Finance Ministers and Central Governors meeting in Sendai, Japan. The PEF will quickly channel funding to countries facing a major disease outbreak with pandemic potential. Its unique financing structure combines funding from the bonds issued today with over-the-counter derivatives that transfer pandemic outbreak risk to derivative counterparties. The structure was designed to attract a wider, more diverse set of investors.

The PEF has two windows. The first is an ‘insurance’ window with premiums funded by Japan and Germany, consisting of bonds and swaps including those executed today. The second is a ‘cash’ window, for which Germany provided initial funding of Euro 50 million. The cash window will be available from 2018 for the containment of diseases that may not be eligible for funding under the insurance window.

The bonds and derivatives for the PEF’s ‘insurance’ window were developed by the World Bank Treasury in cooperation with leading reinsurance companies Swiss Re and Munich Re. AIR Worldwide was the sole modeler, using the AIR Pandemic Model to provide expert risk analysis. Swiss Re Capital Markets is the sole book runner for the transaction. Swiss Re Capital Markets and Munich Re are the joint structuring agents. Munich Re and GC Securities, a division of MMC Securities LLC are co-managers.

Swiss Re Capital Markets Limited, Munich Re and GC Securities were also joint arrangers on the derivatives transactions.

The bonds will be issued under IBRD’s “capital at risk” program because investors bear the risk of losing part or all of their investment in the bond if an epidemic event triggers pay-outs to eligible countries covered under the PEF.

The PEF covers six viruses that are most likely to cause a pandemic. These include new Orthomyxoviruses (new influenza pandemic virus A), Coronaviridae (SARS, MERS), Filoviridae (Ebola, Marburg) and other zoonotic diseases (Crimean Congo, Rift Valley, Lassa fever).

PEF financing to eligible countries will be triggered when an outbreak reaches predetermined levels of contagion, including number of deaths; the speed of the spread of the disease; and whether the disease crosses international borders. The determinations for the trigger are made based on publicly available data as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Countries eligible for financing under the PEF’s insurance window are members of the International Development Association (IDA), the institution of the World Bank Group that provides concessional finance for the world’s poorest countries. The PEF will be governed by a Steering Body, whose voting members include Japan and Germany. WHO and the World Bank serve as non-voting members.

The World Bank has developed some of the most innovative catastrophe risk insurance instruments in the market to help developing countries manage risk. In the past ten years the institution has executed approximately $1.6 billion in catastrophe risk transactions.

IBRD Pandemic Bonds Distribution by Investor Type and Location

Distribution by Investor Type

Class A

Class B

Dedicated Catastrophe Bond Investor 61.7% 35.3%
Endowment 3.3% 6.3%
Asset Manager 20.6% 16.3%
Pension Fund 14.4% 42.1%
Distribution by Investor Location Class A Class B
US 27.9% 15.0%
Europe 71.8% 82.9%
Bermuda 0.1% 2.1%
Japan 0.2% 0.0%

 

IBRD Pandemic Bonds Summary Terms and Conditions*

Type of Note Class A Class B
Issuer: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
Trade Date: June 28, 2017 June 28, 2017
Final Size (Bond only)** USD 225 million USD 95 million
Settlement Date: July 7, 2017 July 7, 2017
Scheduled Maturity Date: July 15, 2020 extendable monthly in whole or in part, up to a maximum of 12 months following the Scheduled Maturity Date July 15, 2020 extendable monthly in whole or in part, up to a maximum of 12 months following the Scheduled Maturity Date
Issue Price: 100% 100%
Bond Coupon: 6m USD LIBOR +6.50% 6m USD LIBOR +11.10%
Covered Perils: Flu, Coronavirus Filovirus, Coronavirus, Lassa Fever, Rift Valley Fever and Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Redemption Amount: The Notes will not be fully repaid if an event occurs The Notes will not be fully repaid if an event occurs

(*) Please see the Supplemental Prospectus for a detailed description of the Terms and Conditions of the bonds, the related risks with regard to an investment in the bonds and the relevant offering restrictions. Any offer of the bonds will solely take place on the basis of the Supplemental Prospectus prepared by the World Bank or on behalf of the World Bank.
(**) There was an additional $105 million size done in the derivatives market.

About the World Bank

The World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, IBRD), rated Aaa/AAA (Moody’s/S&P), is an international organization created in 1944 and the original member of the World Bank Group. It operates as a global development cooperative owned by 189 nations. It provides its members with financing, expertise and coordination services so they can achieve equitable and sustainable economic growth in their national economies and find effective solutions to pressing regional and global economic and environmental problems.

The World Bank has two main goals: to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity. It seeks to achieve them primarily by providing loans, risk management products, and expertise on development-related disciplines to its borrowing member government clients in middle-income countries and other creditworthy countries, and by coordinating responses to regional and global challenges. It has been issuing sustainable development bonds in the international capital markets for 70 years to fund its activities that achieve a positive impact.

Information on World Bank bonds for investors is available on the World Bank Treasury website:  www.worldbank.org/debtsecurities 

Quotes

Christian Mumenthaler, Group CEO of Swiss Re, said “We are very proud to have supported the World Bank over the past two and a half years in the endeavor to build an innovative insurance vehicle to better respond to epidemic outbreaks. Swiss Re was co-mandated by the World Bank to develop and design the “insurance window” of PEF and lead the marketing efforts of the transaction in its role as sole book-runner for the capital market placement. The combined derivative/capital markets structure is just one of many pioneering elements of this transaction. Addressing one of the world’s most systemic risks, it underpins Swiss Re’s commitment to making the world more resilient and its continued leadership in the insurance linked securities market.”

Joachim Wenning, Chairman of the Board of Management of Munich Re, said: “The PEF shows how close collaboration between the public sector and insurers can help limit the negative effects of catastrophes in developing countries. Munich Re is proud to have played a major part in this proactive and reliable financing mechanism from the very beginning. I’m confident that our core competences in risk modelling, identification and management will further this very good cause – strengthening the resilience of companies and societies alike. We truly hope that the PEF will become a sustainable and integral part of a global health architecture to make our planet more resilient to dangerous epidemic and pandemic risks.”

Peter Hearn, President and CEO of Guy Carpenter & Co, said“Our capital agnostic perspective delivers an innovative combination of catastrophe bonds and swaps, giving the World Bank a diverse range of cost-effective risk transfer products supported by both capital markets investors and traditional (re)insurers,” said “This facility will enhance funding for emergency response and give ILS investors and (re)insurers greater access to a non-correlating class of risk, and we are honored to have assisted the World Bank with implementation of its financing.”

Businessuite News24 International

Nvidia Is Turning Into A Casino For The YOLO Trading Crowd

Published

on

Nvidia is turning into a casino for the YOLO trading crowd, with some traders on Monday placing bets the the world’s third-largest company could double in value this week. While the trade is insignificant next to wagers on single-digit moves in the stock and there’s pretty much no chance Nvidia will close remotely close to the level of those options, it does bring back memories of 2021’s meme-stock mania.

Traders could in theory sell the contracts for profit if Nvidia rallies this week, but the early signs aren’t too promising. The stock is flat in pre-market trading after Chief Executive Officer Jensen Huang’s highly anticipated speech in California Monday — in which he unveiled new Blackwell chips aimed at extending his company’s dominance of artificial intelligence — proved more of a boon for the shares of the company’s customers and partners than Nvidia itself.

Source Bloomberg

Continue Reading

Businessuite News24 International

Bank Of Japan Ends Most Aggressive Monetary Stimulus Program In Modern History

Published

on

The Bank of Japan ended the most aggressive monetary stimulus program in modern history this morning, scrapping the world’s last negative interest rate. But the dovish nature of the bank’s commentary hurt the yen, as the lack of clues on future moves and the bank’s indication that financial conditions will remain accommodative clearly showed its first hike in 17 years isn’t the beginning of all-out tightening cycle of the sort seen recently in the US and Europe. Nonetheless, John Authers says everyone should be grateful for the exit from negative rates.

Market Calm

The hike had been well-flagged beforehand, allowing it to be quickly absorbed by markets. Japanese bonds gained and the Topix closed at the highest since 1990, while the dollar strengthened and Treasuries were little changed. Elsewhere, the Australian dollar was set for the weakest level in about two weeks after the Reserve Bank of Australia held policy rates at a 12-year high.

Source Bloomberg

Continue Reading

Businessuite News24 International

Sam Altman returns as CEO, OpenAI has a new initial board

Published

on

Mira Murati as CTO, Greg Brockman returns as President. Read messages from CEO Sam Altman and board chair Bret Taylor.

Message from Sam to the company

I am returning to OpenAI as CEO. Mira will return to her role as CTO. The new initial board will consist of Bret Taylor (Chair), Larry Summers, and Adam D’Angelo.

I have never been more excited about the future. I am extremely grateful for everyone’s hard work in an unclear and unprecedented situation, and I believe our resilience and spirit set us apart in the industry. I feel so, so good about our probability of success for achieving our mission.

Before getting to what comes next, I’d like to share some thanks.

I love and respect Ilya, I think he’s a guiding light of the field and a gem of a human being. I harbor zero ill will towards him. While Ilya will no longer serve on the board, we hope to continue our working relationship and are discussing how he can continue his work at OpenAI.

I am grateful to Adam, Tasha, and Helen for working with us to come to this solution that best serves the mission. I’m excited to continue to work with Adam and am sincerely thankful to Helen and Tasha for investing a huge amount of effort in this process.

Thank you also to Emmett who had a key and constructive role in helping us reach this outcome. Emmett’s dedication to AI safety and balancing stakeholders’ interests was clear.

Mira did an amazing job throughout all of this, serving the mission, the team, and the company selflessly throughout. She is an incredible leader and OpenAI would not be OpenAI without her. Thank you.

Greg and I are partners in running this company. We have never quite figured out how to communicate that on the org chart, but we will. In the meantime, I just wanted to make it clear. Thank you for everything you have done since the very beginning, and for how you handled things from the moment this started and over the last week.

The leadership team–Mira, Brad, Jason, Che, Hannah, Diane, Anna, Bob, Srinivas, Matt, Lilian, Miles, Jan, Wojciech, John, Jonathan, Pat, and many more–is clearly ready to run the company without me. They say one way to evaluate a CEO is how you pick and train your potential successors; on that metric I am doing far better than I realized. It’s clear to me that the company is in great hands, and I hope this is abundantly clear to everyone. Thank you all.

Jakub, Szymon, and Aleksander are exceptional talents and I’m so happy they have rejoined to move us and our research forward. Thank you.

To all of you, our team: I am sure books are going to be written about this time period, and I hope the first thing they say is how amazing the entire team has been. Now that we’re through all of this, we didn’t lose a single employee. You stood firm for each other, this company, and our mission. One of the most important things for the team that builds AGI safely is the ability to handle stressful and uncertain situations, and maintain good judgment throughout. Top marks. Thank you all.

Satya, Kevin, Amy, and Brad have been incredible partners throughout this, with exactly the right priorities all the way through. They’ve had our backs and were ready to welcome all of us if we couldn’t achieve our primary goal. We clearly made the right choice to partner with Microsoft and I’m excited that our new board will include them as a non-voting observer. Thank you.

To our partners and users, thank you for sticking with us. We really felt the outpouring of support and love, and it helped all of us get through this. The fact that we did not lose a single customer will drive us to work even harder for you, and we are all excited to get back to work.

Will Hurd, Brian Chesky, Bret Taylor and Larry Summers put their lives on hold and did an incredible amount to support the mission. I don’t know how they did it so well, but they really did. Thank you.

Ollie also put his life on hold this entire time to just do everything he could to help out, in addition to providing his usual unconditional love and support. Thank you and I love you.

So what’s next?

We have three immediate priorities.

Advancing our research plan and further investing in our full-stack safety efforts, which have always been critical to our work. Our research roadmap is clear; this was a wonderfully focusing time. I share the excitement you all feel; we will turn this crisis into an opportunity! I’ll work with Mira on this.

Continuing to improve and deploy our products and serve our customers. It’s important that people get to experience the benefits and promise of AI, and have the opportunity to shape it. We continue to believe that great products are the best way to do this. I’ll work with Brad, Jason and Anna to ensure our unwavering commitment to users, customers, partners and governments around the world is clear.

Bret, Larry, and Adam will be working very hard on the extremely important task of building out a board of diverse perspectives, improving our governance structure and overseeing an independent review of recent events. I look forward to working closely with them on these crucial steps so everyone can be confident in the stability of OpenAI.

I am so looking forward to finishing the job of building beneficial AGI with you all—best team in the world, best mission in the world.

Love,

Sam

Source: https://openai.com/blog/sam-altman-returns-as-ceo-openai-has-a-new-initial-board

Continue Reading

Businessuite News24 International

Sam Altman OpenAI’s co-founder Ousted By His Board Of Directors, Silicon Valley Upended

Published

on

OpenAI’s Sam Altman, co-founder of the hottest startup on Earth and its most prominent spokesperson for the promises and perils of artificial intelligence, has been ousted by his board of directors.

Ilya Sutskever,

Altman’s firing followed an intensifying dispute with his fellow co-founder, OpenAI chief scientist Ilya Sutskever, over the speed and safety of the startup’s product rollouts, according to people close to the company, who asked not to be identified discussing private information. The pair and their respective allies on the board also disagreed over Altman’s campaign to raise funds for a separate company to make AI chips to compete with Nvidia Corp., and another project to produce AI-related hardware in partnership with former Apple chief designer Jony Ive.

Sutskever and his friends on the OpenAI board may have also been put off by Altman using OpenAI’s name to raise capital, and by the proposed new companies not sharing the same capped-profit governance model as OpenAI, according to one of the people.

In a statement on Friday night, former OpenAI President Greg Brockman, who also resigned amid yesterday’s imbroglio, said he and Altman were surprised by the company’s decision. “Sam and I are shocked and saddened by what the board did today,” Brockman wrote in a post on X, formerly Twitter. “We too are still trying to figure out exactly what happened.”

Brockman ended by writing, “Greater things coming soon,” suggesting the pair might soon launch another company to compete with OpenAI. If so, it could further scramble the balance of power in Silicon Valley.

Microsoft Corp. has invested $13 billion in OpenAI since 2019, and has devoted significant computing and engineering capacity to the startup. (Microsoft said in a statement that it’s committed to OpenAI.)

Of course, companies firing their founders is part of the recurring foundational lore of Silicon Valley. Apple fired Steve Jobs in 1985; Twitter dismissed its co-founder Jack Dorsey in 2008. Both executives famously returned to their firms years later. But Altman’s exit could have a larger impact on the industry and the futuristic technology he came to represent.

For much of the last year, Altman has been on a world tour rivaling Taylor Swift’s. In a given week, he might meet with a head of state, testify before Congress and sit for a magazine interview. In appearance after appearance, he touted the promise of AI with a strange blend of optimism and pessimism, maddening his critics. This week, Altman was a prominent figure at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation meeting in San Francisco.

But it all ground to a halt on Friday, days shy of the one-year anniversary of the release of ChatGPT, which introduced generative AI to the masses. In a blog post disclosing the news of Altman’s firing, OpenAI said its board had lost confidence in the CEO’s leadership after conducting a review that showed that he “was not consistently candid in his communications with the board.”

“If I start going off, the OpenAI board should go after me for the full value of my shares,” Altman posted late Friday night. But Altman famously has no equity in the company he once led.

In other words, he was being sarcastic. Sam Altman is unlikely to go quietly. —Brad Stone and Julia Love
Source Bloomberg

Continue Reading

Businessuite News24 International

US Federal Trade Commission sues Amazon

Published

on

The US Federal Trade Commission sued Amazon Tuesday, bringing the hammer down on the e-commerce giant for allegedly monopolizing online marketplace services by—among other things—overcharging sellers and stifling competition. The company is also accused of illegally forcing sellers on its platform to use its logistics and delivery services in exchange for prominent placement, and punishing merchants who offer lower prices on competing sites. This is the fourth lawsuit this year the FTC has filed against Amazon, underscoring President Joe Biden’s push to rein in the concentration of corporate power, especially among tech behemoths. Other regulatory agencies also have filed antitrust suits against Google and Facebook parent Meta. The case against Amazon is arguably a career defining one for FTC Chair Lina Kahn, who has had Amazon in her sights since she was a student and has transformed her office into a fierce watchdog.

Source—Margaret Sutherlin Bloomberg

Continue Reading

Trending